What I learned from systems thinking – Alma Kuijpers  0

 October 29, 2018  

How to solve teacher shortage

About two years ago, I started as a post-doc researcher at ICLON to study the effectivity of the Minor in Teaching, an undergraduate teaching module aimed at attracting academic students to a career in teaching, especially in the STEM area. Coming from a chemistry background with experience in the food industry, I switched to education about ten years ago and worked as a lecturer in chemistry before starting this research project. To get an idea of the problem of concern, I started a broad exploration by gathering a large variety of information: all kinds of relevant reports, interviews with students and teacher educators, student entry data from STEM subjects and teacher education tracks. All these data were visualized in a sort of flow chart, showing the flow of STEM students into the academic teacher education (the Dutch academic teacher education follows a consecutive route), together with all kinds of possible problems and obstructions.

 

About that time, Fred Janssen attended me to systems thinking. I started reading The Fifth Discipline by Peter Senge (2006) and Thinking in Systems by Donella Meadows (2009), and realized that systems thinking provided a suitable framework for my data on the effectivity of the Minor in Teaching. Since its development in the 1970’s and 1980’s, systems thinking has evolved more into a management strategy than a research methodology, however, the methodology addresses complex problems by looking at the whole system of concern and identifying interrelations and patterns of change. Understanding of how the system works will enable identification of leverage points, which are places in a system where a small change will lead to a large shift in behavior. The research data from the Minor in Teaching could easily be structured into a systems thinking framework, and analyzing the student flow patterns in relation to the purpose of the Minor in Teaching led to promising leverage points.

 

In my opinion systems thinking is a valuable methodology for educational research in general, especially when interventions are concerned. Education is always a complex system, with many stakeholders at different levels, many functions and many interactions. Especially when dealing with a wide variety of complex, mixed-method research data, it could be useful to take a systems thinking approach to define the educational system of concern to integrate the results and identify meaningful interrelations and change patterns. With regard to sustainability of interventions, systems thinking provides a hierarchy of leverage points from weak to strong, enabling prioritization of leverage points.

 

What made systems thinking even more valuable to me personally, is that it gave me a foundation how to think about complex problems in general, and teacher shortage in particular. In the Netherlands, interventions aimed at resolving teacher shortage have not had any effect, since the number of STEM students entering the academic teacher education remained constant over the last ten years. According to systems thinking this is a “shifting the burden” archetype: interventions address only “problem symptoms” instead of providing “fundamental solutions”. So what is the fundamental problem of the academic teacher education in the Netherlands? In a consecutive system, only STEM graduates are admitted to the teacher training program, but these students are not necessarily interested in teaching as a profession. The fundamental solution is to increase the interest of STEM students in teaching as a career. Systems thinking learned me that complex problems don’t have simple, short-term solutions but need structural solutions to fundamental problems which require a long-term vision and changing mental models across the organization.

 

References

Meadows, D. H. (2009). Thinking in systems – a primer (Ed. D. Wright). London: Earthscan
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline – the art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Currency Doubleday.

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 Uncategorized

Onderwijs met ict moet anders. Het roer moet om!  0

 April 21, 2018  

Docenten geven les met tablets en smartphones zoals zij altijd al deden. Afgelopen weekend bezocht ik de jaarlijkse IADIS mobile learning conference in Lissabon (http://mlearning-conf.org/). Een kleine onderzoeksconferentie met als focus mobiele technologie die het leren en onderwijzen ondersteunt. Veel presentaties zoals ruim 10 jaar geleden: mooie ict-projecten, opgezet door onderzoekers en ontwerpers, die vooral buiten het reguliere curriculum plaatsvinden. Veel betere techniek dan 10 jaar geleden, dat wel. Draadloos internet, tablets en smartphones zijn niet meer weg te denken uit de maatschappij, de school en het klasklokaal. Maar allemaal niet als onderdeel van de reguliere lespraktijk van docenten.

Doorbraak

Dat hoopte we met het onderzoek in het kader vaan Doorbraak ICT en onderwijs te doorbreken (https://leerling2020.nl/landelijk-onderzoek). In dit project hebben docenten uit het primair en voortgezet onderwijs experimentjes uitgevoerd in hun eigen lespraktijk om met ict gepersonaliseerd leren van leerlingen te faciliteren. Resultaten van dit onderzoek heb ik op de IADIS gepresenteerd. Maar wat wil het geval: overall gezien zien we van de interventies weinig of geen effecten op de prestaties, de motivatie en zelfregulering van leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs. Kort door de bocht:

  1. docenten passen hun experimentjes aan het rooster, curriculum en structuur waarin zij (behoren te) functioneren en doen dus wat ze altijd al deden, maar nu met mobiele technologie en
  2. het mobiele karakter van de ingezette smartphones, tablets en laptops wordt niet benut. Geen omgevingsonderwijs; leerlingen blijven in de klas en op school, op hun vaste plek. Het boek en de reader zijn vervangen door een tablet en de digitale leeromgeving.

 

Docentprofessionalisering?

Om dit te veranderen wordt vaak geroepen dat we meer moeten investeren in de professionele ontwikkeling van docenten. Eerlijk gezegd is dat ook een belangrijke suggestie die wij in het onderzoeksrapport hebben opgenomen. Maar het is de vraag of dit gaat helpen. En valt de docent wel wat te verwijten? Docenten passen hun projecten aan aan de reguliere methode en systematiek omdat zij hierop worden aangesproken. Er moet voldoende contacttijd zijn en alle geplande leerstof moet worden behandeld. Bovendien hebben docenten beperkt tijd hebben om andere dingen te doen dan lesgeven; niet-lestijd gaat op aan voor- en nawerk, administratieve klussen en overleggen met je collega’s.

 

Het roer moet om

Willen we een doorbraak bereiken in onderwijs moet het systeem om: meer ruimte (tijd, veiligheid en kunde) om onderwijs te vernieuwen, met ict of op andere manieren. Het roer moet om. Als wij kunnen aantonen in meer dan 40 interventies met meer dan 6000 leerlingen uit ruim 30 scholen voor voortgezet onderwijs dat het overall weinig uitmaakte of en hoe docenten gepersonaliseerd leren met ict in hun onderwijs inzetten, is het tijd voor actie! En dat is niet het afschuiven op de kwaliteit van docenten. Goed gebruik van de ict die nu beschikbaar is en moderne ideeën over hoe je leerprocessen van alle leerlingen kunt ondersteunen vereisen een grotere ingreep in het systeem:

  • Weg met onderwijs in kleine schoolvakken, maar onderwijs in grotere vakdomeinen en multidisciplinaire thema’s
  • Weg met individueel lesgeven, maar team teaching om ook ruimte te geven voor experimenten en leren van elkaar
  • Weg met het roosteren van al het onderwijs in contacturen, maar ruimte voor projectonderwijs, in en buiten de school, in de maatschappij en bedrijven

 

Geef docenten en leerlingen meer ruimte om onderwijs in te richten zoals zij dat willen.

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 ICT, Schools , , ,

Conference season kick-off  1

 March 29, 2018  
The tallest building was our conference venue – not bad!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

After a quiet wintertime, the conference season has officially started! As a researcher, you experience certain peak-times during the year, which are often related to… conferences. For example, in August we usually have to submit papers for international conferences. In January, we submit papers for national conferences held in summer. And just before the international conferences which usually start in April, we have to finish our analyses, write papers and prepare for meetings with our international colleagues who are sometimes our advisors, co-authors or make up our reference-list.

As a lot of ICLON researchers will attend AERA (American Educational Research Association) in New York this year, I will write this blog about a different conference which not so many ICLONners attended: the NARST (National Association for Research in Science Teaching) in Atlanta, US.

Luckily, I was not totally on my own in Atlanta. Because I also have supervisors and colleagues from Delft, we traveled together. With two of my colleagues, we boarded a direct flight to Atlanta on March 8th, 2018. The all-American man sitting two rows behind us was a little disappointed when we told him we were attending a conference (he might have expected something more exciting), but nonetheless told us to “not let them cowboys snatch you up!”.

 

Our view from Amsterdam to Atlanta.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On our first day in Atlanta, the conference had not started and we did some sightseeing. Although Atlanta is known for many things (Martin Luther King, World of Coca Cola, Say Yes to the Dress, and according to Google the nicest tree-house AirBnB), we decided to go to the Georgia Aquarium, which has an almost 24-million-liter water tank hosting four giant whale sharks, several manta rays and loads of fish. Upon return to our hotel, we ironed our clothes and refined our presentations, as the next day, the conference would start.

 

Breakfast at the Waffle House – not so healthy but a must-do for the all-American experience!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Whale sharks in the Georgia Aquarium.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I had a great time presenting my research in a symposium hosted by my promotor, Jan van Driel, and the three other presenters which I had already met once at the PCK summit. During the conference, there were a lot of presentations by PCK researchers, and it was very informative. Gradually, I met a lot of people who I formerly just knew from their names, which often appeared on my reference list (for example Tamara Moore, Selcen Guzey, Barbara Crawford, Kennedy Chan). If anyone wants more information on the presentations given at NARST, I’d be happy to inform you!

 

I held my presentation during the last session of the first day. Photo by Dury Bayram.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I study the integration of engineering design activities and research activities (or scientific inquiry, as most American researchers call it), and this was the first conference where there were so many presentations and sessions on this topic. I feel that this topic might be more prominently addressed in American education as the National Research Council and the Next Generation Science Standards have also placed emphasis on the combination of research and design in STEM. The Dutch subject O&O (Onderzoeken & Ontwerpen, the Dutch abbreviation for Research & Design) which forms the context of the study I presented, also gained a lot of interest among international researchers.

 

View over Atlanta.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

After four days of conference, and 6 days in Atlanta, I flew home feeling very content with such a productive conference. At this moment, I am still having email conversations with people I met there. It was my first time in the US and my first time at the NARST, and I can really recommend this conference if you’re working on science education as well!

 

Anyone fancy a souvenir…?

 

 

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 PHD 

Do you use Cronbach’s alpha to check internal consistency? Don’t! Use Summability.  0

 March 26, 2018  

Do you sum questions of your exams to get final scores of students? Do you use a questionnaire with likert-scales? Do you analyze these questionnaires by taking the means of these questionnaire-items? Do you use the mean of questions in evaluation-forms? Do you average response times to items in experimental settings?

 

If you have answered yes to any of these questions, you may (or may not but should) have wondered whether the items in your questionnaire, exam, test, or experiment are (sort of) measuring the same thing, the construct you had intended to be measured. If so, it is more than likely that you have calculated Cronbach’s alpha and (if the value was over .7) happily reported that indeed, the items were internally consistent. If so, you have calculated and reported the wrong measure and you are not alone. Despite the fact that methodologists have shown numerous time that Cronbach’s alpha is not suitable for measuring internal consistency (see Sijtsma, 2009, for instance), in handbooks Cronbach’s alpha can still be found as the prime choice measure to be calculated. Because the intention of questionnaire and test constructers is to summarize the test by its overall sum score, Jelle Goeman (and myself) advocate summability, which is defined as the proportion of total “test” (questionnaire-subset, exam, evaluation) variation that is explained by the sum score.

 

Our paper recently came out in the journal Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, in which we show summability to be a stable measure across a number of variables (including test or questionnaire length). From the few examples that have been calculated until now, and from insight in the mathematic formula, we can assume that a summability of .5 can be considered “high”. As yet, however, more experience has to be gained on summabilities of tests in various fields before definite recommendations can be given.

 

Therefore, I end this blog with a “Call for Calculations”: please go to (https://sites.google.com/view/summability) and calculate summability yourself, for an existing test, exam, questionnaire, or experiment. You can download the R-code from the website, or use the link to the shiny-app. All you need is a table with items as columns and participants as rows, filled with participants’ scores on the items, supposedly measuring your (one) construct. The table can be in plain text-format or it can be an SPSS-file. Report your scores through the form available on the website. In this way, we will be able to gain a fast accumulation of knowledge of what constitutes “high,” “moderate,” and “low” summabilities. Thank you!

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 teacher research

Denk na over onderzoek in de universitaire lerarenopleiding!  0

 July 31, 2017  

De universitaire lerarenopleidingen (ulo’s) liggen onder vuur. Dat is niet voor het eerst. De oorzaak voor dit terugkerende verschijnsel is dat het opleiden van docenten – net zoals onderwijs in het algemeen- simpel lijkt, maar het niet is. De meest recente discussie over kwaliteit van de ulo’s lijkt zich toe te spitsen op het onderzoek in de opleiding. Nu de postgraduate opleiding niet doorgaat – waarin geen onderzoek als eindwerk was opgenomen- staat het onderzoek in de masteropleiding weer onder druk. Het zou geen masterniveau hebben of kunnen hebben, is het verhaal. Nu is er zoals geschreven altijd discussie, maar het wordt menens wanneer beleidsmakers zich ermee bemoeien, en helemaal wanneer de politiek dat doet.

Waarom leren doen van onderzoek?

Deze gedachten worden gevoed door opvattingen wat onderzoek in een universitaire opleiding zou moeten zijn. Hierbij wordt het onderzoek vergeleken met de masterthese in een vakmaster, Onderwijsstudies of Pedagogiek. Maar deze masters zijn gericht op studenten die zich ontwikkelen tot wetenschappelijk onderzoeker in een bepaald domein. De ulo is een academische beroepsopleiding die studenten opleidt tot docenten die in staat zijn hun onderwijs te onderzoeken en op basis daarvan te verbeteren. Ofwel het primaire doel van het onderzoek in de ulo is niet het genereren van kennis, maar het verbeteren van de onderwijspraktijk.

Drie soorten kennis nodig

Wellicht kan het onderscheid van Cochran-Smith en Lytle (1999) in drie soorten kennis hierbij van dienst zijn. Het verwerven van deze drie soorten kennis speelt een cruciale rol in het leren van het beroep van docent:
• Knowledge for practice – alle kennis en inzichten over schoolvakinhoud, leren en instructie, pedagogiek, etc. die is gebaseerd op wetenschappelijk onderzoek en theorievorming.
• Knowledge in practice – alle kennis en inzichten over dezelfde onderwerpen, maar nu gebaseerd op praktijkervaringen en (kritische) reflecties op die praktijk.
• Knowledge of practice – alle kennis en inzichten die zijn opgedaan door onderzoek naar de eigen onderwijspraktijk en die van collega’s, met als doel meer te weten te komen van een bepaalde praktijk, waarbij kennis uit wetenschappelijk onderzoek wordt toegepast en als spin-off ook wordt vermeerderd.

Knowledge for practice leren studenten in de cursusonderdelen die worden verzorgd in het opleidingsinstituut, knowledge in practice tijdens de begeleide praktijkervaringen in school en knowledge of practice in het onderzoek dat de studenten tijdens de opleiding doen. Hiermee vormt het onderzoek in de lerarenopleiding ook een natuurlijke brug tussen de inzichten die worden opgedaan op het opleidingsinstituut en de ervaringen in de schoolpraktijk als docent.

Hoe ziet dat onderzoek eruit?

Dat betekent dat het onderzoek van studenten in de lerarenopleiding is ingekaderd door inzichten die zijn verkregen door wetenschappelijk onderzoek en eerdere theorievorming, maar ingegeven door vragen die zij zelf hebben over hun onderwijspraktijk. Tevens moet het onderzoek zodanig zijn opgezet dat het informatie oplevert die studenten helpt bij hun onderwijspraktijk. Effectstudies met (quasi-)experimentele onderzoeksdesigns of grootschalig surveyonderzoek mogen in veel wetenschappelijk onderwijsonderzoek usance zijn, voor een docent-in-opleiding levert dergelijk onderzoek dikwijls weinig aanwijzingen op om de onderwijspraktijk te verbeteren. Probleemanalyse, actie-onderzoek of ontwerponderzoek leveren vaak wel de benodigde informatie op en doen niets af aan het masterniveau van het onderzoek. Integendeel, het lijkt simpel, maar dat is het niet.

Dus

Stop met onzinnige vergelijkingen en ga aan de slag met de specifieke eisen die het opleiden van docenten stelt.

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 Teacher education, teacher research, Uncategorized 

First impressions as a visiting researcher in Victoria, Australia  1

 May 24, 2017  

Last week I was in Melbourne to join researchers from two different universities, namely the University of Melbourne and La Trobe University. An aim of my visit was to present my research findings and to learn about Higher Education and Medical Education in Victoria. Upon arriving in Melbourne I found I was in the right place to meet this goal, at least that’s been said on most license plates (‘Victoria – The education state).

The first thing I’ve learned is that student admission to Higher Education is quite different in Australia. In contrast to Dutch secondary education, there are no central school exams before going into university. Australian universities use students’ Australian Tertiary Admission Rank-score (ATAR), in which grades and subjects are combined to determine each student’s score. For example, if students get an ATAR of 80 it means that they outperform 80 per cent of students. Practically speaking, this might encourage students to choose their subjects strategically in order to be admitted to the best universities. In addition, admission requirements differ between universities which means that science, for instance, is not a required subject to study medicine. I don’t know yet what this means for students’ prior knowledge and how teaching staff goes about this when students start studying at university.

La Trobe University is a 50-year old university, a teaching-intensive university in the beginning although nowadays a research-intensive university. Students from the faculty of humanities are engaged in research in education in, for instance, the Hallmark program in their second undergraduate year. Within this program students conduct research projects in small groups with the duration of one year. The research projects are typically multidisciplinary, which provides challenges for the staff members supervising the projects, since they are used to research within their discipline. I was invited to present a study on fostering student learning in research supervision. This presentation was live at four other campuses through video streaming, which was quite an experience. Afterwards we’ve discussed how to enhance student learning in research within a limited amount of curriculum time. A different issue at La Trobe is students having difficulties understanding the English language. Students at La Trobe are from diverse cultural backgrounds, which has implications for promoting student learning.

The University of Melbourne is the oldest research-intensive university of Australia and I was invited to present at a research group meeting of the (bio)medical school. What I got from this is that the role of research in Medical Education isn’t as clear as we might think. So there is still some work to do (and this comment is useful for the introduction and discussion chapter of my thesis J ). It could be helpful to think about how research integration could prepare students for clinical work, building upon studies into other clinical roles (e.g., health advocate, communicator, scholar) as these roles are often not too appealing for students during education. Furthermore, we’ve discussed how to integrate research into undergraduate medical education. At the University of Melbourne there are generally no research activities in the undergraduate learning environment, except for the final year when students are expected to conduct an individual research project. This could hamper a positive student learning experience and learning outcomes.

The discussions in both universities might have implications for Higher Education as well as Medical Education. Our shared experiences indicate that further studies are needed to clarify what learning goals medical education aims for integrating research in teaching. Furthermore, our experiences illustrate that it is not that straigthforward to integrate research in learning activities in a way that promotes student learning.

Thanks to Hannah Schuerholz, Jan van Driel, David Clarke, Liz Malloy and all others being so generous with their time, comments and support. I had a great time in Melbourne. For the next two weeks I’ll be visiting Susan Howitt at the Australian National University in Canberra.

 

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 Higher education, PHD

Erken leren in school ook in Lerarenregister!  5

 February 14, 2017  

Op 21 februari 2017 stemt de Eerste Kamer over het veelbesproken Lerarenregister. Het is bedoeld om de kwaliteit van het onderwijs te garanderen. Dat kan onder andere door van leraren te vragen hun bekwaamheid op orde te houden. Prima. Alleen: leraren worden in een mal gedrongen; een bredere aanpak kan veel meer voordelen opleveren.

 

Hoe zit het in elkaar?

In dit beroepsregister moeten leraren elke vier jaar aantonen dat zij hun bekwaamheid hebben onderhouden. Leraren mogen in hun register alleen professionaliseringsactiviteiten opnemen die worden verzorgd door geaccrediteerde instellingen. En daar wringt de schoen: dit zijn cursussen, workshops en opleidingen die buiten de school(muren) worden aangeboden. Ze zijn losgeknipt van de school zelf, de plek waar leraren functioneren. Professionalisering die door de school zelf wordt verzorgd, telt niet mee voor het register.

Dat is, zacht uitgedrukt, vreemd. Want uit de wetenschappelijke literatuur komt helder naar voren dat ‘leren op de werkplek’ niet alleen motiverend is voor leraren, maar zeker op lange termijn ook het meest effectief. Collegiale consultatie en observatie, peer coaching, leesgroepen, vakontwikkelgroepen, docentontwerpteams, professionele leergemeenschappen, kenniswerkplaatsen, en onderzoeksateliers: voorbeelden die van de werkplek (de school zelf dus) een echte leeromgeving voor leraren maken. Het geleerde wordt zo gemakkelijker toegepast in het werk en omgekeerd krijgt het werk van leraren een plek in hun leren en ontwikkelen. Een principe dat in het bedrijfsleven gemeengoed is; efficiënt en effectief, samenwerkingsgericht en gericht op kennisdelen. Scholen passen dit dan ook al toe. Ze investeren zo niet alleen in het professionaliseren van hun medewerkers, ze zorgen er tegelijkertijd voor dat de school zélf een duurzame professionele omgeving wordt. Het inhuren van extern, dus duur aanbod van buiten de school is minder effectief.

 

Voorbeelden

Drie concrete voorbeelden van scholen waarmee het ICLON samenwerkt. Van activiteiten die in het nieuwe Lerarenregister niet meer zouden meetellen. Zo heeft een school een aparte ‘academie’ ingericht waar workshops worden verzorgd door zowel leraren uit de school zélf als door buitenstaanders. Leesgroepen, boekenclubs en onderzoeksteams presenteren er hun bevindingen. Leraren die elders een workshop volgden, geven die kennis door, maar dan gekoppeld aan de specifieke eisen en wensen van de school. Voor het Lerarenregister telt dit niet.
Een andere school werkt met peer review door leraren: zij observeren elkaar tijdens het lesgeven, komen met opmerkingen en kritiek volgens een bepaald format en stellen hun onderwijs(methoden) op basis hiervan bij. Deelname aan zo’n peer review wordt door de school verplicht gesteld en is onderdeel van de beoordeling aan het eind van het jaar. Telt niet mee in het Lerarenregister.

In een derde school wordt in vaksecties gewerkt aan het ontwikkelen van het schoolvak, het ontwikkelen van materiaal en in onderzoek naar de werkzaamheid en toepasbaarheid van dat onderwijsmateriaal. Leren leraren een hoop van, wordt het onderwijs beter van, want direct toepasbaar in de eigen werkzaamheden. Maar telt niet mee.

 

Dus

Deze voorbeelden worden in meer scholen uitgevoerd. En er zijn meer voorbeelden te noemen. Ze dienen allemaal hetzelfde doel: maak het onderwijs en dus de school beter. Zeker als – en dat is een voorwaarde –activiteiten meerdere jaren meegaan. Het Lerarenregister en – daar ging het toch om? – de kwaliteit van de lessen gaat erop vooruit als dergelijke activiteiten in stand blijven. Een professionaliseringsbeleid dat medewerkers stimuleert, uitdaagt en laat leren met collega’s hoort dan ook binnen het register.

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 Uncategorized

Boundary Crossing: for the Love of Research  0

 June 29, 2016  

crossing-a-lineLately, I have been occupied with the concept of boundary crossing. The first (and not the least) reason is, that within my own PhD, boundary crossing could provide me with a useful concept to look at the linkage between research and design activities in an educational context. The other, main reason is that my partner and I are literally boundary crossing (or actually, border crossing) at the moment, and the reason is: research. To be more specific, we are now crossing a physical boundary (called North Sea) as well as a symbolic boundary (Brexit), separating The Netherlands from the UK, since my partner moved to London for his first post-PhD postdoc job.

Boundary crossing is defined as “negotiating and combining ingredients from different contexts to achieve hybrid situations’’ (Engeström et al., 1995, p. 319). These boundaries can be crossed by people (called “brokers”), but also by objects (Akkerman & Bakker, 2011a). I think this theory might not only prove to be of use for my research, but also perfectly sums up my personal situation right now. We are combining ingredients from different situations (eg. living in The Netherlands and living in the UK) to achieve a hybrid situation in which my partner and I can still see each other and live with each other regularly, smoothly moving between these two countries.

However, we are still learning to be brokers, still learning how to optimally cross that boundary and facing difficulties while doing so. I think many researchers can identify with the challenges one faces while working and living abroad. It is very common to gain some research experience abroad while doing your PhD, this is also an activity very much encouraged here at ICLON.

 

If you have worked or lived abroad, what were your experiences? What things did you find helpful (or not)?

Below are some of my experiences:

 

  1. Be prepared for the idea. When you’re in research, especially certain fields of scientific research, research jobs are not so easy to get within a small country like The Netherlands. There might be far more opportunities in other countries. No one tells you this when you start an academic study, but I wish I had known when I was still studying Biology. It really was a surprise to me that staying in The Netherlands is not self-evident when choosing for certain research professions.
  2. Make good agreements with your partner/family. It is much easier to go overseas if you can see eye to eye with your loved ones, and not dragging along a reluctant partner. For example, we agreed to Skype every day (be sure to buy enough internet data for Skype! We made that mistake) and see each other every two weeks, while taking turns in flying to The Netherlands or the UK.
  3. Money issues. Be sure you have an adequate amount of saving money before moving to another country. This whole operation can be quite costly, if the company or university you are working for does not reimburse your flight or moving costs. We also had to spend some money on furniture in our London apartment, since we could not move whole closets to England by car (and Ikea in England is much more expensive!).
  4. Socializing. If you’re moving to work abroad, it is very important to get to know some people to build a social network while you’re there. This will make your stay much easier and much more pleasant. Get to know your colleagues, go to borrels, maybe join a club or sportsteam. This is of course also very important for the partner staying home 🙂
  5. Sightseeing. While you’re in another country, why not play the tourist for a few times and plan trips to go sightseeing. I have seen sides of London that I otherwise would never have seen, because of this move. And we are planning to see a lot more.

 

I hope, as I progress in the boundary crossing literature for my research, I will also become a more experienced broker myself in real life. And who knows, maybe in a few years it will be me crossing a boundary for research…?

 

telephone cell

plane

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Airplane & telephone: boundary objects…?

 

 

 

 

 

Akkerman, S. F., & Bakker, A. (2011). Learning at the boundary: An introduction. International Journal of Educational Research, 50(1), 1-5.

Engeström, Y., Engeström, R., & Kärkkäinen, M. (1995). Polycontextuality and boundary crossing in expert cognition: Learning and problem solving in complex work activities. Learning and Instruction, 5, 319–336.

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Small is beautiful: enjoy a national conference  0

 June 1, 2016  

The Onderwijs Research Dagen (ORD) took place in Rotterdam from Wednesday May 25th until Friday May 27th. I have made some progress towards graduation since the beginnings of my project in 2013 (time is flying!). I still feel that this national conference is a great learning experience for me as a PhD. Generally speaking, national conferences have some advantages for novice researchers in comparison with the larger ones abroad. Here’s why I’m enthusiastic about national conferences.

 

The very beginning: attend the preconference

The ORD (as other conferences) has preconference workshops tailored towards learning needs of PhD’s in Belgium and the Netherlands. Topics include academic writing, managing your supervisors, writing grant proposals and preparing your defense. I’ve visited similar sessions at international conferences as well. However, preconference workshops in a national conference pay specific attention to the Dutch and Flemish contexts, which directly apply to our educational context. Where else would you learn to avoid writing Dunglish with your peers?

 

Opportunities to close a gap with educational practice

Some might feel that educational research has a strong focus on theory. This may not always resonate with teaching experiences in practice. My experiences are that at a national conference you’ll meet more teachers, policy makers or educational managers than you would at a large conference. This means you could further discuss the practical relevance of your work. It also might help you to explore perspectives for your life after PhD.

 

Share the good stuff

When you’re designing your studies it can be very helpful to join a national conference, even without presenting. Chances are that presentations inspire you to use instruments and methods which are developed to suit the Dutch educational context. This makes it easy for you to join discussions during the conference, since you’re familiar with education in the Netherlands (sometimes I find it hard to immediately understand studies in foreign contexts) and to relate this to your own project. This could also provide opportunities to work together with colleagues relatively nearby.

 

Prevent yourself from being thrown in at the deep end

Besides a limited travel time to a national conference, it is nice to hear about topics being investigated in other institutes. This helped me, as a novice, to grasp the width of the field (here: higher education) without being overwhelmed by the amount of presentations. My studies are about research integrated into teaching at university which is also emphasized in Dutch universities of applied sciences. I’ve learned a lot about this at conferences as the ORD. Moreover, it is very likely that you’re able to go to a national conference annually within your PhD. This enables you to keep up with each other over a longer period of time.

 

For these reasons I would say that ‘the larger the party, the better’ has nothing to do with the number of people invited! Here you can read about Saskia’s experiences attending an international conference. Thank you for reading this blog!

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The story of ‘The PhD student and the Terrors of the Literature Review’.  0

 May 11, 2016  

There once was a PhD student – let’s call her Phyllis- working hard to land her research career. For that, she had to write a dissertation containing at least four studies. Her evil brain wanted her to not only conduct empirical studies, but also do a systematic literature review. At first, Phillis tried to find reasons for not doing it, because she dreaded that whole process. However, after a while she saw the greatness of the idea and took off to face the adventure. This adventure would not be a real adventure, had she not gotten into trouble several times. Read more

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